Domestic demand and global production in the Eurozone: A multi-regional input-output assessment of the global crisis

This paper studies the effects of domestic and foreign demand impulses in euro area economies following the Great Recession of 2008–2009 and the Eurozone crisis of 2011–2012. Using a global Input–Output framework we apply a set of metrics to assess spillover effects of international trade in intermediates triggered by the dynamics of final demand. Our findings suggest that while cross-country trade spillovers have played a crucial role during the Great Recession, they have had a moderate impact when compared with the role of domestic sources of final demand during the Eurozone crisis. Hence, a strategy of coordinated fiscal austerity cannot be sustained by empirical evidence.     

佛山市绿色创新促进经济高质量发展路径研究

在研究佛山市绿色创新投入、产出变化规律的基础上,应用NDDF模型测算佛山市2010—2019年10年间的绿色创新效率,并与珠三角其他城市进行对比,归纳和凝练佛山市绿色创新的特点。结果表明,佛山五区的创新投入差异较大,非期望产出情况并不理想,且佛山市绿色创新水平处于珠三角较后位置。佛山市还需进一步促进各区绿色创新协同发展,对各区实施差异化管理,进一步加大人才培养及节能减排力度。     

企业ESG表现会影响审计意见吗?

ESG水平已成为新时期企业高质量发展的重要体现之一,但是有关ESG表现的信息价值特征依然有待理论探索。据此,基于重要的信息中介,探索审计师如何依据企业ESG表现出具审计意见。研究发现,企业ESG表现越好,审计师越倾向于发表标准审计意见。作用机制表明,ESG表现较好的公司经营风险和重大错报风险较低,审计师更可能出具标准审计意见。异质性检验显示,在环境规制力度较强的地区、内部控制质量较差、分析师关注较少以及机构投资者持股比例较低的企业中,ESG表现对标准审计意见的正向影响更显著。进一步分析发现,企业ESG表现越好,审计投入越少,审计师收取的审计费用越低。结论为ESG的财务信息价值提供了理论依据。     

Trends in Agricultural Incomes: An Analysis at the Select Crop and State Levels in India

India's agricultural sector is at a crossroads, facing challenges of stagnation in crop yields, non‐remunerative prices, falling crop incomes and tardy responses from public service systems. There are reports of peasant suicides due to non‐profitability of farming. However, scant empirical evidence is available on changes in real income and wages in the Indian agricultural sector. The present study uses data from the National Accounts Statistics and Cost of Cultivation Surveys to analyse the changes in real income and discusses the underlying reasons. The study reveals that the purchasing power of farmers has remained low and has worsened over recent years. The value of crop output has increased, but a disproportionate rise in input costs has resulted in a fall in crop incomes in several states, with the agriculturally developed Punjab being an exception. Interestingly, real wage rates for agricultural labour have shown an increasing trend, indicating improvement in the welfare of labour.     

Smallholder Demand for Maize Hybrids in Zambia: How Far do Seed Subsidies Reach?

We add to an emerging body of literature on input subsidies in Africa south of the Sahara. Our analysis focuses on demand for seed, characterising smallholders with a high predicted demand for hybrid seed who were not reached by the subsidy programme. We use cross‐sectional data from the 2010 agricultural season and an instrumented control function approach to test the hypothesis that the subsidy on hybrid maize seed in Zambia is selectively biased. Consistent with other literature, we find that the subsidy is a recursive determinant of seed demand, but in 2010, its recipients had more land, more assets, and lower poverty rates. Findings illustrate the social costs of the programme as currently designed and highlight the need to build alternative supply channels if poorer maize growers are to grow hybrid seed.     

政府R&D补助方式如何影响企业R&D投入?——来自A股医药制造业上市公司的证据

政府RD补助是否一定促进企业RD投入?针对这一问题,本文以区分政府RD补助方式作为切入点,从理论角度分析事前一次性RD补助、补贴率方式RD补助及事后奖励方式RD补助对企业RD投入的不同影响;并使用A股医药制造业上市公司2007~2013年面板数据进行实证分析。本文研究发现,只有补贴率方式和事后奖励方式RD补助显著促进了企业RD投入,其余补助方式对企业RD不存在显著促进作用。对样本按产权特征进行分组后,我们发现对于非国有样本,补贴率方式和事后奖励方式RD补助都显著促进RD投入;而对于国有样本,所有类型补助对公司RD投入皆无显著影响。本文的结论表明,政府应更多使用补贴率方式和事后奖励方式RD补助;企业产权特征是政府补助时值得考虑的因素。     

中国民航软科学投入有效性及应用情况分析

以中国民航2009—2012年结题的86个软科学项目作为研究对象,在采用问卷调查方法分析项目成果应用情况的基础上,应用数据包络分析法（DEA）研究了民航软科学研究投入的有效性,得出民航软科学研究存在投入非有效性的结论。最后,分析中国民航软科学研究中存在的问题。     

东北老工业基地科技投入与产出能力评价分析

区域的科技投入与产出能力是区域自主创新的关键.科技投入与产出能力取决于资金的投入、科技人力资本的投入、科技经费投入产出的效率,通过这三类指标的比较分析以及多元聚类分析发现:东北老工业基地内部省份的科技投入与产出能力呈现非均衡特征,并与发达省市存在落差;提升东北老工业基地的科技投入与产出能力关键在于发挥区域科技创新集成效应,构建多元化的科技创新投融资体系,构建优质的创新环境与激励机制.     

区域资源配置中的政府与市场契合点研究

改革开放三十年来中国经济持续高速增长是通过政府主导型的市场经济实现的，这种经济模式是两种动因下两种路径即市场与政府的有效结合，正确处理好经济发展中的市场与政府的关系，找出二者之间契合点对实现科学发展观与构建和谐社会具有重大意义。文章探讨了中国区域间投入产出所反映出来的区域发展中市场化的滞后，它是制约资源配置效率的主要原因，中国区域市场整合中地区政府的角色和行为逻辑以及资源配置中政府与市场的契合点是经济发展中政府主导行为制度的创新。     

Effective Rates of Sectoral Productivity Change

In effective rates of sectoral productivity change, some of the inputs are treated as produced. Here, this is extended to cover all the inputs. All the sectoral rates of productivity growth based on a static input–output (IO) framework are shown to be equal to the corresponding rates of decrease in the production price. For the direct rate, all the input prices are treated as exogenous constants. For the effective rates, prices of the inputs, which are treated as produced, are determined by production technology. The fully effective rate is derived from the price equations of the closed dynamic IO model. It is equal to the rate of decrease in the production price when the prices of all inputs, human capital and human time included, depend on production technology. The overall rate, obtained as a weighted sum of the fully effective sectoral rates, is equal to the rate of growth in the growth potential of the economy.